شناسایی چالش‎های مهم و اساسی مدیریت آموزشی و آموزشگاهی در افق 1403

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، پردیس فارابی، دانشکدة مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران

10.22098/ael.2025.17018.1555

چکیده

قدمه و هدف: امروز در همه جای دنیا برای توسعه پایدار و پیشرفت جامعه از آموزش‎وپرورش شروع می‎کنند؛ و نقش "مدیریت و رهبری آموزشگاهی" در هزاره سوم در پیشبرد اهداف آموزش‎وپرورش اهمیت زیادی دارد. مروری بر وضعیت کنونی و فعالیت مدیریت آموزشی و آموزشگاهی در کشور، حکایت از آن دارد که، مسئولیت آن بیشتر و منابع آنها محدودتر از قبل است و آسیب‏ها و مشکلات متعددی دامنگیر آن است. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی چالش‎های اساسی مدیریت آموزشی و آموزشگاهی در سال 1403 انجام شد.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: برای انجام این پژوهش از رویکرد کیفی با دو روش پدیدارشناسی و دلفی استفاده گردید. میدان پژوهش، کلیة خبرگان، اساتید و مدیران ارشد آموزش‎وپرورش کشور بود. در قسمت مصاحبه، از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند استفاده شد و با تکنیک گلوله‎برفی، 17 نفر در بخش مصاحبه و 25 نفر در قسمت دلفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه نیمه­ساختاریافته بود. برای تحلیل و تفسیر اطلاعات، از روش کدگذاری باز و کدگذاری محوری و تحلیل دلفی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مصاحبه‎ها نشان داد که، چالش‎های اساسی مدیریت آموزشی و آموزشگاهی را می‌توان در مقوله‎های اصلی (فضا، محتوا و برنامه درسی، انگیزش معلمان، مالی، تنوع مدارس، شیوه‎های جذب و استخدام معلم، عملکرد، فقدان چشم‎انداز، نیروی انسانی، بهسازی و آموزش نیروی انسانی و سازمانی) دسته‌بندی کرد که، هریک از این مقولات اصلی نیز دربردارندة خرده‌مقولات دیگری نیز هستند. نتایج تحلیل دلفی نشان داد که، با چالش‎ آموزش مجازی و دیجیتال اکثر خبرگان مخالف بوده‎اند و این شاخص از فرایند تحلیل کنار گذاشته شد و چالش‎های اساسی مدیریت آموزشی‎وآموزشگاهی به ترتیب اهمیت عبارتند از: 1- محتوا و برنامه درسی، 2- انگیزش معلمان، 3- عملکرد، 4- مالی، 5- فقدان چشم‎انداز، 6- فضا، 7- نیروی انسانی، 8- سازمانی، 9- تنوع مدارس، 10- شیوه‎های جذب و استخدام معلم و 11- بهسازی و آموزش نیروی انسانی.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: تلاش برای اثربخشی و کارآمدی نظام آموزشی با توجه تغییرات پیچیده اجتماعی و محیطی و لزوم برخورداری از آموزش‏وپرورش با کیفیت بالا یک ضرورت است و این مهم ایجاب می‎کند که در راستای بهبود وضعیت این چالش‎ها اقدام نمود؛ این امر نیازمند دریافت پاسخ‎های شایسته در سطوح سیاست‎گذاری، قانون‎گذاری، بودجه‎ریزی و مدیریتی کلان کشور، جهت رفع مشکلات و چالش‎های ذکر شده است؛ که، تدوین برنامه‌های بلندمدت و کوتاه‌مدت با توجه به نیازهای آموزشی و سازمانی یکی از بهترین راهکارهاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the important and fundamental challenges of educational and school management in the horizon of 2025

نویسندگان [English]

  • صلاح الدین ابراهیمی 1
  • Hossein khanifar 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: A review of the current situation and activities of educational and school management in the country indicates that its responsibility is greater and its resources are more limited than before, and it is beset by numerous harms and problems. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the fundamental challenges of educational and school management in 2025.
research methodology: To conduct this research, a qualitative approach was used with two methods: phenomenology and Delphi. The research field was all experts, professors, and senior managers of education in the country. In the interview section, 17 people were selected using purposeful sampling and snowball technique, and 25 people were selected in the Delphi section. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. To analyze and interpret the information, open coding and axial coding methods and Delphi analysis were used.
Findings: The results of the interview analysis showed that the basic challenges of educational and school management can be categorized into main categories (space, content and curriculum, teacher motivation, finance, school diversity, teacher recruitment and hiring methods, performance, lack of vision, human resources, human and organizational improvement and training), and each of these main categories also includes other subcategories. The results of the Delphi analysis showed that most experts were opposed to the challenge of virtual and digital education and this indicator was excluded from the analysis process. The basic challenges of educational and school management, in order of importance, are: 1- Content and curriculum, 2- Teacher motivation, 3- Performance, 4- Finance, 5- Lack of vision, 6- Space, 7- Human resources, 8- Organizational, 9- School diversity, 10- Teacher recruitment and hiring methods, and 11- Human resources improvement and training..
Conclusion: Striving for the effectiveness and efficiency of the educational system requires taking action to improve the situation of these challenges; developing long-term and short-term plans according to educational and organizational needs is one of the best solutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • educational management
  • school leadership and management
  • schools
  • education

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 تیر 1404

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